Chemistry

Table of Contents Stoichiometry Patterns in Chemical Reactions Decomposition Reactions Combustion Reactions Precipitation Reactions Corrosion Reactions Acids and Bases Conservation of Mass The Mole Concept The Mole Unit Calculating Mole Quantities Empirical Formulae Calculating an empirical formula Percentage composition The Shortcuts (Molarity and Concentration) Steps with Worked Example Gay-Lussac’s Law of Combining Volumes Avogadro’s Hypothesis Molar Volume of Gases Boyle’s Law Charles’ Law Gas Laws and the Kelvin Scale Gay-Lussac Part 2: Electric Boogaloo The Magical Combined Gas Law Ideal Gas View Chemistry Syllabus View Chemistry Data Sheet

Practice Question compilation by NESA.

Ionic Nomenclature Cation uses its original name (e.g. Sodium) If the anion has no extra oxygen (e.g. Cl, N, O, etc.), change suffix to -ide (e.g. Cl becomes Chloride) If the anion has standard number of oxygen (e.

Definitions Ion: An atom which is electrostatically charged Cation: Positively Charged ion Anion: Negatively Charged ion Valence shell: Outermost electron shell Octet: 8 electrons in the valence shell (2 if the element is Hydrogen or Helium) Catalyst: something that causes and/or speeds up chemical reactions Proton: positively charged hadron Neutron: neutral hadron Electron: negatively charged lepton exothermic: emits heat endothermic: absorbs heat Atomic number: number of protons Atomic mass: number of protons + number of neutrons Neutralisation: mixing an acid and a base to create water Corrosion: a gas or liquid chemically attacking an exposed surface Combustion: exothermic reaction between a fuel and oxidiser, which produces heat, light and gaseous products decomposition: when a single compound breaks down into two or more compounds oxidisation: corrosion reaction where the gas/liquid is Oxygen (O) Precipitation: formation of an insoluble solid when two soluble solutions are combined (product is known as a precipitate) Acid-Metal reaction: when an acid and metal react to produce a metallic salt and Hydrogen Periodic Table The periodic table is a table listing the fundamental building blocks of the universe: elements NOTE: ATOM and ELEMENT do NOT mean the same thing!